Effects of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy on Anti-tumour Immunity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Liver Resection

Critères d'exclusion

• Patients who do not ultimately undergo liver resection due to unforeseen reasons (this happens rarely, such as in the presence of unexpected HCC progression discovered during surgery). • Patients with an ongoing pregnancy (an unlikely event, as non-surgical HCC treatments would be prioritized in such cases). • Patients unable to follow procedures due to language barriers, insufficient comprehension of project language, or unable to give consent. • Patients \<18 years. • Patients with medical history of allergy or severe AEs to ICI therapy • Pregnant and/or breastfeeding women. Lactating women should stop lactation or will be excluded from the study as breastfeeding under atezolizumab is not recommended. Furthermore, breastfeeding is not recommended for at least 5 months after the last dose. • Immunosuppressed patients and patients with haematological disorder leading to a deficient immunity • Patients with hepatic and/or cardiovascular deficiencies that contra-indicate surgery. Compensated cirrhotic patients are expected and will be included in the study as no dosage modification of the atezolizumab is required for these patients. • Patients who received a live or attenuated vaccine in the last 28 days before inclusion in the study. • Patients with untreated Hepatitis B and/or C or HIV. HIV patients under treatment with normal CD4 counts can be included. Hepatitis B and/or C patients under antiviral therapies can be included. • Patients with history of inflammatory pneumopathy, active brain metastasis and patients treated with a systemic immunotherapy in the last 6 months. • Patients under steroid treatment during the inclusion will be excluded.