Efficacy of Non-opioid Drugs in Addition to Opioid Therapy for Cancer Pain Management

Exclusion criteria

• History of allergy or allergy-like symptoms (bronchospasm, urticaria or severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs)) or hypersensitivity to dipyrone (or other pyrazolones or pyrazolidines) or ibuprofen (or other Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug incl. acetylsalicylic acid) • Moderate to severe renal insufficiency (creatinine-eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) \<45 ml/min) • Severe heart failure (New York Heart Association class III-IV) • Severe hepatic impairment (liver cirrhosis with ascites) or hepatic porphyria • History of agranulocytosis induced by dipyrone (or other pyrazolones or pyrazolidines) • Active gastric and/or duodenal ulcers or bleeding • History of recurrent gastric and/or duodenal ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding (≥2 distinct episodes of proven ulceration or bleeding) or increased tendency to bleeding • Third trimester of pregnancy • Breastfeeding • G6PD deficiency • Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) • Intrathecal or epidural opioids or local or regional anesthetic therapy • Additional second opioid for co-analgesic effects or other reasons (e.g., methadone, buprenorphine) • Initiation of therapy with transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) opioid \<48 hours before start of IMP • Use of non-opioids with long half-life (i.e., acemetacin, celecoxib, etodolac, etoricoxib, ketorolac, naproxen, piroxicam, tenoxicam) • Pain unrelated to cancer (e.g. chronic non-cancer pain \[CNCP\], postoperative, particularly following coronary artery or cardiopulmonary bypass surgery) • Inability to follow study procedures or adhere to protocol (e.g., due to language problems, psychological disorders, dementia) • Inability to abstain from other non-opioids (apart from IMP (Investigational Medicinal Product)) during study participation • Participation in any interventional study targeted at pain management • Participant is a family member or employee of the investigator